Galvanic corrosion.
Aluminum, copper, brass, nickel, iron and steel components with the coolant, creates an electrolytic system.
In addition, the rotation of the engines components create some weak, but important electromagnetic presence.
All of these things result in a slow process of anode/cathode reaction and the copper/brass is "lost" from the radiator and "gained" elsewhere in the engine.
In addition is chemical leaching in the process.
Not having the proper mix and it's anti-corrosive effect on coolant, adds to the problem.
It will occur in any state, but if all the "positive" steps are taken, then less damage over a far greater time will be the result.